Battery market in Poland 2025 / 2026

Last updated: 29.09.2025

Poland’s Role in the Global Battery Supply Chain

Poland has become one of the leading players in the global battery industry. Lithium-ion batteries already account for more than 2.4% of all Polish exports and contribute around 3% to the country’s GDP.

Lithium-ion batteries already account for more than 2.4% of all Polish exports and contribute around 3% to the country’s GDP.

This makes the sector one of the key pillars of the national economy and a strategic driver of European electromobility.

A central role is played by the LG Energy Solution plant near Wroclaw, the largest lithium-ion battery factory in Europe and one of the largest worldwide. With a current annual capacity of 86 GWh – expected to rise to 115 GWh in the coming years – the facility supplies global automotive leaders such as Audi, BMW, Ford, and Volkswagen.

The rising demand for electric vehicles, accelerated by the EU’s Fit for 55 directive, which aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, further strengthens Poland’s position as a key link in the European battery supply chain.

The rising demand for electric vehicles, accelerated by the EU’s Fit for 55 directive, which aims to cut greenhouse gas emissions by 55% by 2030, further strengthens Poland’s position as a key link in the European battery supply chain.

As a result, Poland not only meets EU market needs but also contributes to Europe’s independence from Asian imports, particularly from China.

Types of batteries and their characteristics

Type	Advantages	Disadvantages	Use
Lithium-ion batteries	high energy density – lo lithium-ion batteries offer the highest energy density available, making them suitable for applications where light weight and space are critical, long life, fast charging times, cost reduction – prices have fallen by 90% since 2010, adaptability,	resource intensity – lithium-ion batteries require critical minerals such as lithium, cobalt and nickel, which are subject to price volatility and supply constraints, susceptibility to overheating,	electric vehicles (EVs) – particularly the high nickel variants to increase energy density and driving range, electric bicycles and scooters commercial vehicles,
Lithium-iron-phosphate batteries	lower cost, safety – LFP batteries have lower flammability and better thermal stability, longer service life	lower energy density, making them heavier and bulkier, shorter range	electric vehicles (EVs) – particularly at the lower end or with shorter ranges, energy storage systems,
Solid-electrolyte batteries	wider operating temperature range – solid electrolyte batteries, with a new electrolyte (Li1.25La0.58Nb2O6F), operate effectively at both high temperatures and low temperatures from -10°C to 100°C, higher energy density – the use of a solid electrolyte allows more energy to be stored in less space, increasing efficiency and range, especially in electric vehicles, no need for cooling, higher safety levels – solid electrolytes are less prone to leakage, overheating or spontaneous ignition, longer life – these batteries are less prone to capacity degradation during successive charge cycles, meaning they retain their performance for longer than traditional lithium-ion batteries,	high production cost, early stage of development	electric vehicles, energy storage, equipment operating under harsh climatic conditions, e.g. for military or space purposes or in regions with harsh climates,
Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries (emerging)	the ability to store energy for longer periods compared to lithium-ion batteries, lower cost – lower production costs by up to 30% compared to LFP batteries, greater availability of materials,	lower energy density, limited market presence,	energy storage systems, potential future applications in electric vehicles,
Solid-state batteries (future technology)	greater energy density, greater safety, longer service life,	still in the development phase, potentially high cost,	electric vehicles (EV), energy storage systems.

Future of the Polish Battery Industry – Innovation, Recycling, and EU Regulations

The transformation of the automotive sector is driven by EU regulations, including the Fit for 55 package, which aims to reduce CO₂ emissions by 55% by 2030. This means a sharp increase in global demand for accumulators. Estimates indicate that global demand for lithium-ion batteries in EVs will reach 1,525 GWh by 2030, with production increasing more than tenfold during that time.

At the same time, technological developments are driving investment in recycling. The new EU Battery Directive (2023) introduces extended producer responsibility and uniform waste management rules. This is not only a way to protect the environment, but also a source of secondary raw materials for the further production of cathodes, anodes, and electrodes.

FAQ – Battery Market in Poland

What types of batteries are most commonly used in electric vehicles?

The most widely used are lithium-ion batteries (Li-ion), as they offer high energy efficiency, long cycle life, and the best balance between power density and battery performance. They are the standard rechargeable batteries in modern EVs, as well as in consumer electronics such as cell phones and laptops.

How do lithium-ion batteries compare to lead-acid batteries?

While lead acid batteries are cheaper and widely available, they have lower capacity, shorter battery life, and higher weight. In contrast, lithium ion cells deliver higher specific energy (Wh/kg), longer cycle life, and much better battery performance. This makes them the preferred battery pack for electric vehicles and consumer electronics.

What are the advantages of solid-state and sodium-ion batteries?

Solid-state batteries use a lithium metal anode and solid electrolyte instead of a liquid electrolyte, which increases volumetric energy density, improves safety, and minimizes dendrite formation. Sodium-ion (Na-ion) batteries use earth abundant materials such as sodium, making them a cost-effective alternative to conventional Li-ion cells, though still with lower capacity and limited market presence.

How does temperature affect battery performance?

At elevated temperatures, lithium-ion batteries are more prone to degradation mechanisms and capacity loss. Operating at high or low temperatures can reduce cycle life and accelerate discharged state instability. Modern battery design and advanced anode materials such as silicon anodes or graphite anodes help mitigate these effects, ensuring stable battery performance.

What makes a modern Li-ion battery different from earlier designs?

A modern Li-ion battery integrates advanced cathode materials such as lithium cobalt oxide or combinations with nickel metal hydride components. It uses pouch cells or cylindrical designs, offers high voltage output, and achieves higher battery life with reduced degradation mechanisms.

How do lithium atoms and positively charged lithium ions influence performance?

In every lithium ion cell, energy storage is based on the movement of positively charged lithium ions between anode and cathode. The role of lithium atoms, graphite anodes, and silicon based anodes is critical for managing electrical charge and electric current.